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Fushin bugyō
were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually ''fudai'' daimyō.〔Beasley, William. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868,'' pp. 18-19.〕 Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer."
This ''bakufu'' tile identifies an official with responsibility for public works—for construction projects which involved civil engineering like land reclamation projects, for excavation of moats and canals, and for the collection of stone and the erection of castle walls. As a result of the experiences involved in castle building in the Momoyama period and early-Edo period, Tokugawa architectural practice, such as the construction of the mausoleum complex at Nikkō, was seen as a subordinate to the massive task of wall building which was seen as an essential security measure in troubled times.〔Coaldrake, William H. (1996) ( ''Architecture and Authority in Japan,'' p. 178. )〕 This position was made permanent in 1652.〔James L. McClain, James ''et al.'' (1997). ( ''Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era,'' p. 171. )〕
==''Sakuji-bugyō created in 1632==
In response to the perceived importance of the wall-building and moat-dredging work of the ''fushin-bugyō,'' the position of ''sakuji-bugyō'' was created in 1632 as part of an effort to tighten administrative controls over other construction activities in what had previously been an ''ad hoc'' army of builders in a diverse array of trades〔Coaldrake, ( pp. 178-179. )〕
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